Low Earth orbit (LEO) is an orbital region within the vicinity of Earth, typically ranging from an altitude of 160 to 2,000 kilometers (99 to 1,240 miles) above the planet's surface. This region is significantly closer to Earth compared to higher orbits such as medium Earth orbit (MEO) and geostationary orbit (GEO). LEO is characterized by its relatively low altitude, which results in shorter communication delays and lower energy requirements for satellite operations. Low Earth orbit in Hebrew is מסלול קרוב לארץ (Mesilul Krov La'aretz). In other languages, it is known as Basse orbite terrestre in French, Niedrige Erdumlaufbahn in German, and Órbita baja terrestre in Spanish. LEO is commonly used for various types of satellites, including communication, observation, and scientific research satellites. The International Space Station (ISS) also orbits within this region, serving as a critical hub for human space exploration and research. The lower altitude of LEO makes it more accessible and cost-effective for launching and maintaining satellites, contributing to its popularity for a wide range of space-based applications.
